Vision of TIF
The vision of Tzaar Israel Foundation revolves around creating a harmonious and secure a good working environment. Key elements of the vision include: Promoting Peace and Eradicating Crime Operating in a Peaceful Environment.
FOOD INSECURITY
Food is a fundamental part of life.
We need food for our basic nutrition and cannot thrive without it. For the luckiest among us, food is an afterthought. For hundreds of millions of people around the world, however, something called ‘food insecurity’ is an ever-present concern. Let’s dive deepr into what this phenomenon is, what causes it, the effects, and what can be done to combat it.
WHAT IS FOOD INSECURITY?
Human beings need food to provide energy and nutrients our bodies use to thrive.
When a person can meet those needs, they are considered food secure. Without enough calories and the right mix of vitamins and minerals, a whole host of health problems can occur. When someone is unable to reliably get enough food and the right kind, they are considered food insecure. Food insecurity can take many different forms, from receiving little to no food at all, to being well-fed but missing a few nutrients in their diet. Food security also includes whether or not a person or community is resilient to shocks to the food supply from phenomena like natural disasters or economic recessions.
Food Insecurity is a situation where someone cannot RELIABLY get the food and/or nutritional requirements they need to survive and thrive.
Causes of Food Insecurity
Poverty
In almost every place in the world, some form of money or trade is required to get the food one needs. Being impoverished can mean you have little money to spare for food. Poverty can mean a person or community is unable to buy all the food they need at all, or not enough variety to provide nutritional needs. Even if someone can pay for all the food they need now, if food prices rise, they might find themselves suddenly unable to pay for the same amount of food. In this sense, a person is also food insecure since their poor financial situation leaves them teetering between meeting their nutritional needs or not.
Environmental Degradation and Climate Change
Environmental damage such as desertification, water contamination, and air pollution may reduce ho much food a region can produce. Human activities that harm the environment disrupt the natural conditions that make agriculture productive. This then leads to less food supply for the local population, exacerbating food insecurity. Climate change is another process causing increased stress on our food supply.
Rising temperatures are increasing the likelihood of extreme events like floods and droughts, all of which devastate agricultural production. Heat itself is damaging to plants and some regions may no longer be able to grow some staple crops they need to feed the populace.
Conflict
Few human activities compare to the devastation caused by armed conflict, but even diplomatic conflicts and trade wars can lead to mass food insecurity. In terms of armed conflict, people uprooted from their land trying to flee fighting can end up in food insecure situations; away from being able to tend to their lands and work, and usually reliant on food from aid organizations.
Access to food is sometimes used as a weapon itself, with warring parties purposefully attacking food supplies or trying to starve out civilians.
Trade wars occur when two nations engage in creating barriers to trade between one another, which can drive up the price of everything, including food. Trade wars are especially harmful if a country already relies on importing food to meet its needs.
Politics
In some circumstances, access to food is used as a political tool or for personal gain. Governments can choose to provide food in exchange for political support or to punish populations by restricting food access. Certain systems of government, particularly ones with strong central control over agricultural production, lend themselves to inefficiency and corruption which creates food insecurity.
Effects of Food Insecurity
Poor Health
Humans need a minimum caloric intake and nutritional supply to function and food insecurity degrades the ability to reach that minimum. Not getting enough calories leads to slow growth in children and degrades the body’s overall ability to function properly. Ultimately, severe famine can lead to death. In cases of not receiving the right amount of nutrients, a plethora of deficiency disorders is possible.
The most common nutrient deficiency in the world is iron deficiency which can result in anemia, leading to fatigue and confusion. Nutrient deficiencies all vary in severity, but overall lead to low quality of life, poor educational outcomes, and reduced ability to function in general.
Cycle of Poverty
Poverty causes food insecurity which in turn creates more poverty. Having to dedicate more resources to buying food means less money is le over for things that could li someone out of poverty, like paying for education or i HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”m HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”p HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”r HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”o HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”v HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”in HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”g HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/” their living conditions. The negative health impacts of food insecurity also mean a person is less able to function in their job. For children, the financial burden of feeding a family can mean they must forgo schooling to instead work and make money. These factors compound to make poverty and food insecurity a cycle.
Solutions to Food Insecurity
The challenges to food security across the world are rooted in many institutional and deeply ingrained social issues that can seem near impossible to fully eliminate. However, there are solutions governments and the international community can take to help combat food insecurity.
Increasing Agricultural Productivity
There is enough food grown and produced around the world to feed everyone. The problem is its geographical distribution; not enough food is grown and delivered to the places that need it most. By investing in technologies that help to increase agricultural yields and productivity, more food can be produced. Throughout human history, there have been big leaps in agricultural technology, most recently the Green Revolution of the 1960s which brought about the widespread adoption of agrochemicals and more productive breeds of crops.
Today there are even more technologies that boost the productivity of farming, but some of the poorest areas of the world lack the means to buy newer technologies. As such they are missing out on the benefits newer tech can brin HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”g HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/” t HYPERLINK “https://app.studysmarter.de/”o agriculture. Increasing subsidies for farmers and educating them on more productive farming methods can go a long way to providing food security.
Deep Dive
A lot of attention and controversy surrounds the use of genetically modified (GM) crops as a way to combat food insecurity. In response to high rates of vitamin A deficiency in the developing world, a genetically modified crop called Golden Rice was invented in 2000 which contains significantly more vitamin A compared to regular rice. As a part of larger skepticism around GM food, some environmental groups have objected to its use. However, the overwhelming consensus from government organizations and researchers is that golden rice is both safe to eat and an important source of vitamin A in otherwise deficient diets.
Charity and International Aid
Organizations like the World Food Programme and the US Agency for International Development provide nutritional assistance to some of the most food insecure places in the world. Aid organizations help give food both in times of crisis and as part of routine assistance to chronically insecure areas. Even in areas with relatively high levels of food security, natural disaster and war can result in an acute need for food. While emergency interventions will likely always be needed, by and large aid does not help resolve the underlying issues causing food insecurity.
Poverty Reduction
As one of the leading causes of food insecurity, eliminating poverty worldwide would make a massive dent in alleviating the issue. Of all the ways of reducing food insecurity, poverty reduction is perhaps the trickiest to resolve because of the countless factors that contribute to poverty. A concerted effort is needed amongst all nations and international organizations to li up the worst off in society and fully eliminate poverty worldwide.
Combating Climate Change
The current period of global warming and climate change is caused by human activities through the emission of greenhouse gases. Because climate change is worsening food insecurity, action needs to be taken to combat climate change. It’s worth noting that this solution is more of a long-term one since the impacts of climate change are already being felt now. But if nothing is done, there is a very bleak future with rampant food insecurity in every nation.
Food Insecurity in the US
The United States is one of the great breadbaskets of the world. This is to say, its agricultural production and amount of food produced are nearly unparalleled. Despite this huge supply of food, a significant portion of the US population suffers from food insecurity.
Poverty and food deserts are leading causes of food insecurity in the US. Food deserts are places where access to nutritious food is not conveniently available. Food deserts also tend to be in very poor areas, where people cannot afford the additional transportation costs to travel to a well-stocked grocery store for example. Some solutions to food deserts have been subsidizing grocery stores and building urban farms where people have access to fresh produce.
The Covid-19 pandemic exasperated problems with food insecurity in the US, with more people becoming unemployed and the current period of inflating food prices also stands to make conditions worse. According to the US Department of Agriculture, 10.5% of Americans were food insecure as of 2020.
Key Takeaways:
– Food insecurity occurs when someone is not able to reliably acquire nutritious food, and/or adequate amounts of food.
– The main causes and drivers of food insecurity are poverty, environmental degradation, conflict, and climate change.
– Food insecurity leads to worse health outcomes and worsens poverty.
Some solutions to reducing food insecurity include international aid, alleviating poverty, increasing access to agricultural innovations, and fighting climate change.
REFERENCES
– (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Africa_Food_Security_15_(10665294293).jpg) by Stephen Morrison/AusAID (https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfataustralianaid/) is licensed by CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en)
– (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Africa_Food_Security_Research_5_(10665167166).jpg) by Kate Holt/AusAID (https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfataustralianaid/) is licensed by CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en)
– (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daniel_Oerther_posing_with_students_faculty_and_volun teers_at_the_site_of_the_University_of_Cincinnati_Urban_Farm.jpg) by Daniel Oerther
– (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Oertherdb&action=edit&redlink=1) is licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en)
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Introduction
“Criminals are increasingly tracking people into forced labor, including coercing them into running sophisticated online scams and cyber fraud, while women and girls face the risk of sexual exploitation and gender-based violence.”
Definition
Human trafficking is any organized criminal activity in which human beings are treated as possession to be controlled and exploited (Merriam Webster dictionary).
Causes of Human Trafficking
1. Poverty
When someone living in poverty, such as a widow or single mother who struggles to provide for her children, is desperate to meet a basic need, she is in a vulnerable position. A trafficker, familiar with this scenario, might offer her a job that enables her to feed her children. If this appears to be her only option, she may accept and be willing to do whatever the trafficker asks of her.
2. Unemployment
Traffickers target unemployed individuals and often use deception to persuade them to leave home and take a job in another city or country. The position may initially sound promising, but once the individual arrives at the destination, it is often much different than what was described. To keep them from leaving, traffickers may confiscate their victims’ passports or IDs. They might also pay for transportation, shelter, clothing, or food so their victims are indebted to them and feel obligated to work.
3. Displacement
War, political instability, and natural disasters can displace individuals or entire families. When people are forced to flee their homes and communities, they can experience financial hardship, homelessness, and culture shock. Children who have lost their parents, for example, are easy targets for traffickers. Without a safe place to call home or a guardian to provide for and protect them, these children become vulnerable to abuse, unfair treatment, and trafficking.
4. Lack of Knowledge or Experience
Inexperience may lead individuals down a path that ends in exploitation. A teenager who is approached by a trafficker may accept an attractive job offer, seeing it as a great opportunity at such a young age. An immigrant who arrives in a foreign country may not understand his or her rights, may be unfamiliar with the nation’s laws, or may not know the national language. A trafficker will quickly take advantage of these types of situations.
5. Broken Families
Individuals who are cast out of their homes, abandoned, or placed into the child welfare system are highly vulnerable to human trafficking. Runaways, youth experiencing homelessness, and those who live in isolation are often targeted. When someone feels alone or unloved or has been abused in the past, they may be willing to take great risks. They may feel as though they have little to lose or may even find comfort living with their trafficker. Some traffickers offer love and acceptance to lure individuals to work for them.
6. Cultural Practices
In some societies, it’s widely accepted to devalue and abuse women and children. This outlook is ingrained into the minds of men and women in certain cultures, which creates a huge opportunity for traffickers. A parent may be willing to sell a daughter and send her into a world of exploitation. Some girls and women may leave home willingly if they’ve been raised to believe they are unequal to men or have few opportunities for work and advancement in their own communities. In traditional cultures where arranged marriages are common, girls are sometimes forced into child marriage, which can also be identified as a form of human trafficking.
What are the effects of human trafficking?
Human trafficking can have physical, emotional, and psychological effects on anyone involved. It has the power to HYPERLINK “http://humantraffickingsearch.org/impact/”impact someone’s life forever.
Below are some common ways human trafficking affects victims and perpetrators.
As you read through this section, keep in mind that many traffickers also experience trauma because of what they see and do to others, and many traffickers have been victimized themselves at some point in their lives.
EFFECTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING ON THE VICTIMS
1. Mental Trauma
The U.S. Department of State explains, “Because traffickers dehumanize and objectify their victims, victims’ innate sense of power, visibility, and dignity often become obscured.” Victims of human trafficking can experience devastating psychological effects during and after their trafficking experience. Many survivors may end up experiencing post-traumatic stress, difficulty in relationships, depression, memory loss, anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, and other severe forms of mental trauma.
2. Physical Trauma
Many victims also experience physical injuries. Those who have been sexually exploited are often abused by their traffickers and customers. They may be raped, beaten, and subjected to abuse over a long period of time. There is also a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, infections, diabetes, cancer, and other illnesses. A lack of proper medical care allows these conditions to spread and worsen—often affecting an individual’s health permanently.
Victims of forced labor may work in dangerous conditions for long hours doing repetitive tasks. They may also be exposed to dangerous contaminants or work with heavy equipment. As a result, many are subjected to serious infections, respiratory problems, injuries, impairments, and exhaustion.3
3. Ostracism
Individuals who are being trafficked can quickly become isolated from friends, family, and other social circles. This may be due to their personal feelings of guilt and shame or because they’ve relocated and now live far away from their community. Either way, victims can become isolated, withdrawn, and lose contact with most people. Some individuals who return home or escape a trafficking situation may even be excluded from social groups due to a stigma they now face; they may be shunned by their family and friends and feel unloved and unwanted.4 Unfortunately, this isolation can make them vulnerable to being trafficked again or lead them to return to an abusive lifestyle.
4. Lack of Independent Living Skills
Many victims who escape a trafficking situation lack advanced education and the resources needed to live independently. They may not understand laws in the country where they now reside or may not speak the language. They may have been trafficked at a young age and were unable to attend school or go to college. After being confined to the same job for a long period of time and not being allowed to learn new skills, victims can become dependent. When the time comes, they may have a hard time living on their own.
The most common reason by far for women and girls being trafficked was sexual exploitation at 60% or more, followed by forced labor. For men, it was forced labor and for boys, it was forced labor and “other purposes” in roughly equal measure.
REFERENCES
VOA by Reuters
The Exodus Road by Micah Hartmann
DRUG ABUSE
The world is going crazy, war and rumors of war are everywhere, human trafficking, terrorism, abduction, kidnapping and banditry, global warming and natural disasters (such as famine and hurricane) are all contributing factors that aid drug and substance abuse.
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs.
THE CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
– Accessibility
– Social factor
– Environmental factors
– Mental health condition
– Genetic predisposition
– Lack of social support
– Curiosity or experimentation
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
Isolation
Addiction quickly becomes a lifestyle. An addicted person dedicates more and more of their attention to getting drugs, finding ways to use and concealing their use from others. All of these behaviors separate us from anyone not participating in our addiction, enabling it or at least in denial or willing to look the other way. One of the first goals in getting substance abuse help is to break through that wall of isolation. Knowing they don’t have to fight the battle alone comes as a relief to almost anyone caught up in the throes of active addiction.
If you find yourself tangled up in addiction, challenge yourself to break that isolation. Tell the truth about what’s happening to someone you can trust. If you see someone you care about isolating and suspect they may need substance abuse help, give them a sign that you’re a safe place. You are willing to listen without judgment and help if you can.
Stagnation
Getting stuck in our emotional development is another of the 10 effects of drug abuse. Drug use dulls the senses. In trying to escape uncomfortable things, we also miss many growth opportunities. The mechanisms that help us learn from mistakes also fail to work properly when under the influence. You will sometimes hear people in 12-step fellowships say that their emotional growth seemed to stop at the age when they began using, and there is certainly some truth to that.
Damaged Relationships
Relationships with family, friends and romantic partners can be challenging even in the best of times and when we’re completely sober. Introducing drugs and alcohol into the equation can only make things worse. We’re more apt to fight and argue when we are irritable and not feeling right. The obliteration of our senses can make us less empathetic and aware of the needs of others. The choices we make while using and the lies we may tell can also cause deep psychic wounds to the people we love. One of the greatest gifts of recovery is that we get an opportunity to repair this damage. There are no guarantees, but recovery is about hope, and some miraculous things are bound to happen if you stick to it with determination.
Financial Distress
Let’s face it. A drug habit can get expensive fast. If alcohol is your substance of choice, it’s easy to run up a hefty bar tab quickly. Illegal drugs come with the built-in black-market tax associated with any illicit goods. On top of that, drinking and using tend to lower our inhibitions. Impulse purchases and financial irresponsibility are common before someone receives the substance abuse help they need. Money trouble leads to stress and anxiety. Combined with the relentless desire to get high and stay high, it’s a formula for more bad decisions and risk-taking. Money trouble is almost always among the 10 effects of drug abuse that people experience when addiction takes hold.
Health Problems
One of these 10 effects of drug abuse people are most familiar with is the impact on physical health. Alcohol is hard on the vital organs, especially the liver and stomach. Stimulants like methamphetamine and cocaine can cause permanent heart damage and stroke. Opioids, including heroin HYPERLINK “https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-long-term-effects-heroin-use” and prescription opioids, create long-term imbalances in neurons and hormonal systems and damage the brain’s vital white matter.
There is simply no way to abuse drugs for long without physical consequences. No number of vitamins or amount of healthy eating or exercise will offset it. With time and patience, we recover in both mind and body, but we should never minimize the serious impact addiction can have on human health.
Depression and Anxiety
Using drugs or alcohol frequently brings about depression and anxiety. There are two main reasons for this. First, the biochemical effects of drugs of abuse themselves often trigger depression and anxiety either when using the drug or as its effects begin to subside and withdrawal sets in. Secondly, the choices that drug abuse entails also lead to depression and anxiety. No one can live a dishonest, duplicitous life for long without becoming depressed and fearful.
Provoking Existing Mental Health Conditions
Many people are aware that depression and anxiety are among the 10 effects of drug abuse. But did you know that using drugs also HYPERLINK “https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181760/”frequently triggers existing mental health disorders? Someone with a predisposition to psychotic episodes may have never experienced one until they begin abusing drugs. If you have a mental health issue, diagnosed or otherwise, drug abuse can only worsen the symptoms.
A Criminal Record
Buying and using drugs HYPERLINK “https://bjs.ojp.gov/drugs-and-crime-facts/drug-use-and-crime”greatly increases your odds HYPERLINK “https://bjs.ojp.gov/drugs-and-crime-facts/drug-use-and-crime” of ending up with a permanent criminal record. Ask anyone with a history of felonies, and they will tell you that has a profound effect on your future. If you are lucky enough to get sober with a felony criminal record, you may still pay the price of using for the rest of your life. There is always a way forward, regardless of the consequences we face in addiction. As long as you’re alive, there is hope. Remember that every day that we continue on the path of addiction, we risk our present and our future. Don’t forget the rule of holes. When you find yourself in one, the first thing to do is stop digging.
Lost Dreams
Lost dreams are possibly the most tragic and often overlooked of the 10 effects of drug abuse. If you are around other people who use drugs, you know all about it. How many of those people talk about their big dreams and ambitions? About what they are going to do “one day”? How many of them ever do any of it? Drug abuse steals our dreams and stifles our potential. It snuffs out your candlelight. That may sound like a sentimental cliché, but anyone who has spent any time in addiction will know it rings true if they are capable of being honest with themselves. You don’t have to let drugs steal any more from you, though. All it takes is enough willingness to ask for help.
Death
Finally, there is the grim reality of death. Whether we like it or not, drug abuse HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28987019/”increases our chances of dying HYPERLINK “https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28987019/”, whether it’s the risk of a fatal overdose, a car accident, or being shot and killed trying to score, using increases your risk of imminent death. Period. There is no sense in trying to sugarcoat it. Buying and using drugs nearly always means taking unnecessary risks. It also means being around other people who take risks. No matter how safe and sensible you think you are in your drug use, you can’t control what others do around you. You may just get caught in the crossfire, figuratively or literally.
CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE
Academics
Declining grades, absenteeism from school and other activities, and increased potential for dropping out of school are problems associated with adolescent substance abuse. Hawkins, Catalano, and Miller (1992) cite research indicating that a low level of commitment to education and higher truancy rates appear to be related to substance use among adolescents. Cognitive and behavioral problems experienced by alcohol- and drug-using youth may interfere with their academic performance and also present obstacles to learning for their classmates (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992).
Physical Health
Injuries due to accidents (such as car accidents), physical disabilities and diseases, and the effects of possible overdoses are among the health-related consequences of teenage substance abuse. Disproportionate numbers of youth involved with alcohol and other drugs face an increased risk of death through suicide, homicide, accident, and illness.
The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) study — in a representative sample of hospitals throughout the United States — reports trends in people seeking emergency department treatment related to illegal drug use or nonmedical use of legal drugs. Preliminary 1994 estimates indicate drug related emergency department episodes for youth ages 12 to 17 increased by 17 percent from 1993 to 1994. This increase was greater than for any of the older age groups reported. Significantly, emergency department visits related to marijuana/hashish for youth ages 12 to 17 increased 50 percent between 1993 and 1994 (McCaig, 1995). Ninety-one youth between the ages of 12 and 17 died of drug abuse in 1993 (Office of Applied Studies, 1994).
Transmission of HIV/AIDS primarily occurs through exposure to body fluids of an infected person during sexual contact or through sharing of unsterile drug-injection equipment. Another primary means of transmission is from mothers to infants during pregnancy or the birth process. Many substance abusing youth engage in behavior that places them at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. This may include the actual use of psychoactive substances (particularly those that are injected) or behavior resulting from poor judgment and impulse control while experiencing the effects of mood-altering substances. Rates of AIDS diagnoses currently are relatively low among teenagers, compared with most other age groups. However, because the disease has a long latency period before symptoms appear, it is likely that many young adults with AIDS were actually infected with HIV as adolescents.
Although alcohol-related traffic fatalities for youth have declined, young people are still overrepresented in this area. In 1995 alone, more than 2,000 youth (ages 15 to 20) were killed in alcohol-related car crashes (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1997).
These limited examples illustrate the catastrophic health-related consequences of substance abuse among adolescents. Besides personal and family distress, additional healthcare costs and loss of future productivity place burdens on the community.
Mental Health
Mental health problems such as depression, developmental lags, apathy, withdrawal, and other psychosocial dysfunctions frequently are linked to substance abuse among adolescents. Substance-abusing youth are at higher risk than nonusers for mental health problems, including depression, conduct problems, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, attempted suicide, and suicide. Marijuana use, which is prevalent among youth, has been shown to interfere with short-term memory, learning, and psychomotor skills. Motivation and psychosexual/emotional development also may be influenced (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992).
Peers
Substance-abusing youth often are alienated from and stigmatized by their peers. Adolescents using alcohol and other drugs also often disengage from school and community activities, depriving their peers and communities of the positive contributions they might otherwise have made.
Families
In addition to personal adversities, the abuse of alcohol and other drugs by youth may result in family crises and jeopardize many aspects of family life, sometimes resulting in family dysfunction. Both siblings and parents are profoundly affected by alcohol- and drug-involved youth (Nowinski, 1990). Substance abuse can drain a family’s financial and emotional resources (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992).
Social and Economic Consequences
The social and economic costs related to youth substance abuse are high. They result from the financial losses and distress suffered by alcohol- and drug-related crime victims, increased burdens for the support of adolescents and young adults who are not able to become self-supporting, and greater demands for medical and other treatment services for these youth (Gropper, 1985).
Delinquency
There is an undeniable link between substance abuse and delinquency. Arrest, adjudication, and intervention by the juvenile justice system are eventual consequences for many youth engaged in alcohol and other drug use. It cannot be claimed that substance abuse causes delinquent behavior or delinquency causes alcohol and other drug use. However, the two behaviors are strongly correlated and often bring about school and family problems, involvement with negative peer groups, a lack of neighborhood social controls, and physical or sexual abuse (Hawkins et al., 1987; Wilson and Howell, 1993). Possession and use of alcohol and other drugs are illegal for all youth. Beyond that, however, there is strong evidence of an association between alcohol and other drug use and delinquent behavior of juveniles. Substance abuse is associated with both violent and income generating crimes by youth. This increases fear among community residents and the demand for juvenile and criminal justice services, thus increasing the burden on these resources. Gangs, drug trafficking, prostitution, and growing numbers of youth homicides are among the social and criminal justice problems often linked to adolescent substance abuse.
THE BARE FACTS
We know what can and needs to be done to help reduce the burden of psychoactive substance use. Therefore, WHO is committed to assisting countries in the development, organization, monitoring and evaluation of treatment and other services.
– The harmful use of alcohol results in 3.3 million deaths each year.
– On average every person in the world aged 15 years or older drinks 6.2 litres of pure alcohol per year.
– Less than half the population (38.3%) actually drinks alcohol, this means that those who do drink consume on average 17 litres of pure alcohol annually.
– At least 15.3 million persons have drug use disorders.
– Injecting drug use reported in 148 countries, of which 120 report HIV infection among this population.
REFERENCES
– February 22, 2022 / By Promises Behavioral Health Editorial Team / Addiction Treatment, Relationship Resources, Substance Abuse
– WHO
CHILDREN ARE THE LEADERS OF TOMORROW
No matter how big and strong we are, we will all die one day.
Then, who will inherited the land, the world we live in? That falls to our precious children. These children will either make the world stronger or tear it down, depending on how they are raised and what their priorities are.
People get older with each passing year.
Children grow into adults, and adults become elders and eventually die.
We can’t live forever and it’s our children who will eventually be the work force and the adult population of tomorrow. In countries with too few children there is usually an increasingly aging population – which can be disastrous once the older generation reaches retirement.
Let’s look back at the abduction of three Israeli teenagers (Gilad Shaar, Naftali Fraenkel, and Eyal Yifrach) in 2014, who were later killed.
This tragedy brought a lot of confusion in the Middle East, and as reported by CNN “…they sanctify death, we sanctify life.” – Netanyahu (comparing the teens with those who killed them). They sanctify cruelty, and we, mercy and compassion. That is the secret of our strength.
THE RIGHT OF A CHILD
1. Definition of a Child
A child is any person under the age of 18.
2. No Discrimination
All children have all these rights, no matter who they are, where they live, what language they speak, what their religion is, what they think, what they look like, if they are a boy or girl, if they have a disability, if they are rich or poor, and no matter who their parents or families are or what their parents or families believe or do. No child should be treated unfairly for any reason.
3. Best Interests of the Child
When adults make decisions, they should think about how their decisions will affect children. All adults should do what is best for children. Governments should make sure children are protected and looked after by their parents, or by other people when this is needed. Governments should make sure that people and places responsible for looking after children are doing a good job.
4. Making Rights Real
Governments must do all they can to make sure that every child in their countries can enjoy all the rights in this Convention.
5. Family Guidance as Children Develop
Governments should let families and communities guide their children so that as they grow up they learn to use their rights in the best ways. The more children grow, the less guidance they will need.
6. Life Survival and Development
Every child has the right to be alive. Governments must make sure that children survive and develop in the best possible way.
7. Name and Nationality
Children must be registered when they are born and given a name which is officially recognized by the government. Children must have a nationality (belong to a country). Whenever possible, children should know their parents and be looked after by them.
8. Identity
Children have the right to their own identity – an official record of who they are which includes their name, nationality and family relations. No one should take this away from them, but if this happens, governments must help children to quickly get their identity back.
9. Keeping Families Together
Children should not be separated from their parents unless they are not being properly looked after – for example, if a parent hurts or does not take care of a child. Children whose parents don’t live together should stay in contact with both parents unless this might harm the child.
10. Contact With Parents Across Countries
If a child lives in a different country from their parents, governments must let the child and parents travel so that they can stay in contact and be together or meet occasionally.
11. Protection From Kidnapping
Governments must stop children being taken out of the country when this is against the law – for example, being kidnapped by someone or held abroad by a parent when the other parent does not agree.
12. Respect for Children’s Views
Children have the right to give their opinions freely on issues that affect them. Adults should listen and take children seriously.
13. Sharing Thoughts Freely
Children have the right to share freely with others what they learn, think and feel, by talking, drawing, writing or in any other way unless it harms other people.
14. Freedom of Thought and Religion
Children can choose their own thoughts, opinions and religion, but this should not stop other people from enjoying their rights. Parents can guide children so that as they grow up, they learn to properly use this right.
15. Setting up or Joining Groups
Children can join or set up groups or organisations, and they can meet with others, as long as this does not harm other people.
16. Protection of Privacy
Every child has the right to privacy. The law must protect children’s privacy, family, home, communications and reputation (or good name) from any attack.
17. Access to Information
Children have the right to get information from the Internet, radio, television, newspapers, books and other sources. Adults should make sure the information they are getting is not harmful. Governments should encourage the media to share information from lots of different sources, in languages that all children can understand.
18. Responsibility of Parents
Parents are the main people responsible for bringing up a child. When the child does not have any parents, another adult will have this responsibility and they are called a “guardian”. Parents and guardians should always consider what is best for that child. Governments should help them. Where a child has both parents, both of them should be responsible for bringing up the child.
19. Protection From Violence
Governments must protect children from violence, abuse and being neglected by anyone who looks after them.
20. Children Without Families
Every child who cannot be looked after by their own family has the right to be looked after properly by people who respect the child’s religion, culture, language and other aspects of their life.
21. Children Who are Adopted
When children are adopted, the most important thing is to do what is best for them. If a child cannot be properly looked after in their own country – for example by living with another family – then they might be adopted in another country.
22. Refugee Children
Children who move from their home country to another country as refugees (because it was not safe for them to stay there) should get help and protection and have the same rights as children born in that country.
23. Children With Disabilities
Every child with a disability should enjoy the best possible life in society. Governments should remove all obstacles for children with disabilities to become independent and to participate actively in the community.
24. Health, Water, Food, Environment
Children have the right to the best health care possible, clean water to drink, healthy food and a clean and safe environment to live in. All adults and children should have information about how to stay safe and healthy.
25. Review of a Child’s Placement
Every child who has been placed somewhere away from home – for their care, protection or health – should have their situation checked regularly to see if everything is going well and if this is still the best place for the child to be.
26. Social and Economic Help
Governments should provide money or other support to help children from poor families.
27. Food, Clothing, a Safe Home
Children have the right to food, clothing and a safe place to live so they can develop in the best possible way. The government should help families and children who cannot afford this.
28. Access to Education
Every child has the right to an education. Primary education should be free. Secondary and higher education should be available to every child. Children should be encouraged to go to school to the highest level possible. Discipline in schools should respect children’s rights and never use violence.
29. Aims of Education
Children’s education should help them fully develop their personalities, talents and abilities. It should teach them to understand their own rights, and to respect other people’s rights, cultures and differences. It should help them to live peacefully and protect the environment.
30. Minority Culture, Language and Religion
Children have the right to use their own language, culture and religion – even if these are not shared by most people in the country where they live.
31. Rest, Play, Culture, Arts
Every child has the right to rest, relax, play and to take part in cultural and creative activities.
32. Protection from Harmful Work
Children have the right to be protected from doing work that is dangerous or bad for their education, health or development. If children work, they have the right to be safe and paid fairly.
33. Protection From Harmful Drugs
Governments must protect children from taking, making, carrying or selling harmful drugs.
34. Protection From Sexual Abuse
The government should protect children from sexual exploitation (being taken advantage of) and sexual abuse, including by people forcing children to have sex for money, or making sexual pictures or films of them.
35. Prevention of Sale and Trafficking
Governments must make sure that children are not kidnapped or sold, or taken to other countries or places to be exploited (taken advantage of).
36. Protection From Exploitation
Children have the right to be protected from all other kinds of exploitation (being taken advantage of), even if these are not specifically mentioned in this Convention.
37. Children in Detention
Children who are accused of breaking the law should not be killed, tortured, treated cruelly, put in prison forever, or put in prison with adults. Prison should always be the last choice and only for the shortest possible time. Children in prison should have legal help and be able to stay in contact with their family.
38. Protection in War
Children have the right to be protected during war. No child under 15 can join the army or take part in war.
39. Recovery and Reintegration
Children have the right to get help if they have been hurt, neglected, treated badly or affected by war, so they can get back their health and dignity.
40. Children Who Break the Law
Children accused of breaking the law have the right to legal help and fair treatment. There should be lots of solutions to help these children become good members of their communities. Prison should only be the last choice.
41. Best Law for Children Applies
If the laws of a country protect children’s rights better than this Convention, then those laws should be used.
42. Everyone Must Know Children’s Rights
Governments should actively tell children and adults about this Convention so that everyone knows about children’s rights.
43 – 54. How The Convention Work
These articles explain how governments, the United Nations – including the Committee on the Rights of the Child and UNICEF – and other organisations work to make sure all children enjoy all their rights.
CHALLENGES CHILDREN FACE
The most challenging issues facing children include:
1. Poverty
Poverty is one of the most significant issues facing children today. According to UNICEF, around 333 million children live in extreme poverty. While kids only make up ⅓ of the global population, they represent half of people living on less than $2.15 a day. Poverty affects every area of a child’s life, including their health, their access to basic services like clean water and food, their education and much more. Poverty also makes kids more vulnerable to death at a young age.
2. Hunger
According to Save the Children, 153 million kids are facing food insecurity. While everyone needs food to live, kids are more likely to die from malnutrition and nutrition-related diseases. Around 1 in 5 deaths of kids under five can be traced back to a lack of nutritious food. For those who survive, hunger harms cognitive and physical development. Poverty, climate change, forced migration, and war and conflict are just a few of the drivers of hunger.
3. Lack of Access to Clean Water
According to 2021 data from UNICEF, around 450 million children live in areas with “high, or extremely high, water vulnerability.” Broken down, this means 1 in 5 kids lack the water they need. This can lead to serious issues, like water-borne illnesses. The World Health Organization lists many diseases spread by contaminated water, such as cholera, dysentery, polio and diarrhea. Children are especially at risk.
4. Death by Preventable Illnesses
There’s been significant progress in reducing deaths of kids under five years old, but millions still die from illnesses. In 2021, UNICEF found that 5 million kids under five died, many from preventable conditions like malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. Vaccines can save the lives of millions of kids, but in 2022, 20.5 million kids did not get life-saving vaccines. This represents a decline from 2019 as factors like the COVID pandemic, supply issues, misinformation and conflict made global vaccination more difficult.
5. Lack of Education
Education access is a human right, but many children don’t get the schooling they deserve. In 2022, the UN estimated that 244 million children between 6-18 years old were not in school. Sub-Saharan Africa struggles the most as it has the most kids and youth out of school. Central and Southern Asia has the second-highest out-of-school population. In better news, the gender gap in education is resolving, though there are still regional differences that need to be addressed.
6. Child Labor
All over the world, children are forced to work in industries like agriculture, mining, domestic work and more. Child labor is a violation of a child’s human rights as it threatens a child’s well-being and health, as well as their access to education. According to UNICEF, more than 1 in 5 HYPERLINK “https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/”kids ages 5-17 years old are forced into labor in the world’s poorest countries. Causes of child labor vary, but poverty is the most common driver. When families and communities live in extreme poverty, everyone – including very young kids – must contribute to the household by working.
7. Gender-Based Violence
Gender-based violence (GBV) affects boys and girls, but in different ways. According to Save the Children, violence against girls includes sexual violence, harassment, female genital mutilation, abuse and intimate partner violence. Boys are often targeted for labor trafficking and detention, as they’re seen as violent or a threat to security because of their gender. GBV gets worse during times of conflict.
8. Child Marriage
When a child is forced to marry before age 18, it’s a violation of their rights. For girls, early marriage can lead to social isolation, a disruption of education, career limitations and an increased risk for domestic violence. The impact on boys is less studied, but they face negative effects such as increased career pressure, an increased risk for exploitation and disrupted education. More girls than boys are forced into early marriage; UNICEF estimates that in West and Central Africa, around 4 in 10 girls are married before age 18.
9. Early Pregnancy
In 2022, about 13% of adolescent girls gave birth before they turned 18. Pregnancy before age 18 has a variety of negative impacts. The disruption to education is a major one, as it can limit future economic prospects. Girls who become pregnant young may also face social stigma, violence by family members, forced marriage and serious health issues. The causes of early pregnancy include childhood sexual abuse and early marriage. The social pressure to become a mother can also influence the age at which a girl gets pregnant. In certain societies, early marriage and pregnancy may be the best and only option for a young woman.
10. Effects of War and Conflict
During times of war and violent conflict, children are the most vulnerable. According to UNICEF, over 400 million kids live in countries affected by war and violence. Children also make up half of the civilians killed by landmines and explosives. In many places, violent conflict is escalating. In Ukraine, children are affected by death, injuries, mass displacement and an increased risk of abuse, abduction, human trafficking and sexual exploitation. In the Gaza Strip, half of the 1.9 million displaced people are children, while thousands have been killed or injured.
11. Exploitation of Kids in War
Children aren’t only killed, injured and displaced during war; they can be forced to participate in violence. According to UNICEF, over 105,000 kids were recruited and exploited for conflict between 2005 and 2022. Boys and girls are both targeted for fighting, scouting, cooking, sending messages and sexual exploitation. Armed groups often kidnap kids from their homes and force them to fight, but some join groups to try and earn money for their families. Child soldiers endure both physical and psychological wounds.
12. Climate Change
Climate change harms everyone, but children are especially vulnerable. The United States Environmental Protection Agency lists a few reasons why, such as the fact that developing bodies are more susceptible to things like heat and waterborne illnesses. Kids are also dependent on adults during extreme events, so without an adult’s help, they are very vulnerable during floods, hurricanes, tsunamis and other disasters. UNICEF estimates that around 1 billion kids (which is nearly half of the world’s 2.2 billion children) live in one of the 33 countries considered “extremely high-risk” for climate change impacts.
13. Air Pollution
Air pollution damages everyone’s health, but children are especially vulnerable. The World Health Organization lists six main reasons, including the fact that children’s brains are still developing, their bodies are less effective at managing toxins and they breathe in more air per unit of body weight than adults. According to data, air pollution could be causing over 1,200 deaths of kids under 18 in EEA member and collaborating countries every year. Things like traffic, heating and industry cause the most air pollution. Because children can’t vote on air pollution policies, adults must take steps to reduce air pollution and protect kids.
14. Family Separation
A variety of things can separate families: natural disasters, trafficking, war, poverty and migration. It’s difficult to know exactly how many kids experience separations, but at mid-2023, 110 million people were displaced. Many of those individuals are kids, and family separation is often a result of displacement. Kids separated from their families suffer severe psychological and emotional effects that can follow them the rest of their lives. According to a PBS interview with developmental psychologist Hirokazu Yoshikawa, family separations can even cause impaired memory, reduced auditory processing and an increased risk of physical disease.
15. Human Trafficking
Human trafficking is an illicit practice and therefore hard to track accurately, but data suggests kids make up 27% of all trafficking victims. Both boys and girls are targeted, but boys are less likely to be identified. They’re also more likely to be forced into labor or recruitment by armed groups, while girls are more likely to be sexually exploited and forced into marriage. Children who are trafficked endure physical, sexual, emotional and psychological injuries, many of which extend into adulthood.
16. Increased Risks for LGBTQ+ Kids
LGBTQ+ kids face the same vulnerabilities as kids who aren’t LGBTQ+, but their risks are often increased. According to the CDC in the United States, LGBTQ+ young people face higher health and suicide risks than their peers. Around 43% of transgender youth were bullied at school, while 29% attempted suicide. Expanding out to the rest of the world, about 64 countries still have laws criminalizing homosexuality, while discrimination can affect a person’s ability to access healthcare, get a job, get housing and so on. LGBTQ+ kids can see how people like them are treated and face significant mental health challenges.
17. Racism
Racism places extreme stress on the human body, while racial discrimination also affects a person’s access to good healthcare, housing, food, education, work and so on. According to Harvard’s Center on the Developing Child, Black, indigenous, and other people of color have worse health issues and shorter lifespans than white people across all income levels. This affects every member of a family or community, including children. One study even found that childhood stress caused by traumas like poverty and racism can change the structure of a child’s developing brain. To protect children’s rights, societies need to address racism.
18. Lack of Mental Health Treatment
Children go through a lot of changes in their adolescent years, which makes them more vulnerable to mental health struggles. According to UNICEF, about 1 in 7 kids experienced a mental disorder in 2019. Depression is very common for kids aged 10-19 years old, while self-harm is among the top causes of death. Without proper treatment, kids can experience serious issues that affect adulthood, including their job opportunities and health.
19. Lack of Access to Justice
Children deserve legal rights, but many countries fail in their duty to provide kids with access to justice. According to UNICEF, law enforcement officials deprive over 1 million kids of their rights to liberty. Once in the justice system, kids are often not given the education or resources they need to contact a lawyer, access money for legal fees or get other necessary support. Kids who witness crimes or who are victims of crimes like trafficking are often oppressed, as well. As human beings, kids should be treated equally under the law.
20. Lack of Birth Registration
Birth registration is an official record of a child’s birth. It is a human rights matter because birth registration proves the existence of a child, establishes who their parents are and helps ensure a child’s other rights are respected. According to UNICEF, birth registration has increased over the years, but around 1 in 4 kids worldwide are not registered. Reasons include expensive fees, penalties for late registration, long journeys to registration facilities and a lack of knowledge about how to register a birth. Affordable, accessible birth registration is a vital part of protecting the rights of all children.
Importance of Investing in Children
Potential for Growth: Children represent the next generation, and their development – emotionally, socially and intellectually – will shape the future of society. As they grow, they acquire skills and knowledge that will contribute to the economy, culture and governance of the nation.
Innovation and Change: Young people tend to bring fresh perspective and innovative ideas. They are often more adaptable to change and can drive progress in technology, social movements and environmental initiatives.
Education and Knowledge: The education that children receive equips them with the tools necessary to tackle future challenges. A well-educated youth can lead to advancements in various fields, including science, technology, engineering and the arts.
Values and Leadership: The values instilled in children today will influence the ethical and moral standards of future leaders. Teaching children about responsibility, empathy, and civic duty prepares them to take on leadership roles in the future.
Demographic Significance: In many countries, children form a significant portion of the population. Their growth and development are crucial for maintaining a balanced demographic structure, which is essential for sustainable economic growth and social stability.
Collective Responsibility
Honouring the memories of so many children affected by this type of tragedy around the globe with specific example to Eyal, Naftali, and Gilad, it is the responsibility of all to protect the lives of children and making sure that they are being positively treated accordingly.
Conclusion
Overall viewing children as the leaders of tomorrow emphasizes the importance of investment in their education, health and well-being to ensure a prosperous and thriving society in the next years to come.
Reference
United Nation Convention on the right of the child. The Children version
www.quora.com/why-are-children-called-the-nation-builders
www.human-right-careers.com
CNN
HEALTH
Healthy living, happy life: this means no one can live in an environment that is unhealthy and be comfortable with life, either physical, mental, emotional, social or otherwise. If our health is good, very few factors can affect our focus on our goals.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It encompasses the body’s efficient functioning, emotional resilience, and the ability to maintain positive relationships and social connections. Health involves maintaining a balanced diet, regular physical activity, adequate rest, and stress management. It also includes preventive care and the ability to adapt and manage physical, mental, and social challenges throughout life.
Optimal health promotes a high quality of life, enabling individuals to fulfill their potential and engage fully in personal and community activities.
Importance of Health
– Longevity and Quality of Life
– Disease Prevention
– Mental Well-being
– Energy and Productivity
– Financial Savings
– Improved Immune Function
– Positive Social Interactions
– Enhanced Physical Capabilities
– Better Cognitive Function
Physical activity and a nutritious diet improve brain function, enhancing memory, concentration, and cognitive abilities. Good health supports mental clarity and sharpness, which are crucial for learning and decision-making.
Different Types of Health
These are the key types of ‘Health’ and knowing about each of them helps us to take some result-oriented steps toward improving our personal health:
Physical Health
Definition: Physical health refers to the condition of the body and its ability to perform daily activities and functions.
Key Aspects: Regular exercise, balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and routine medical check-ups.
Importance: Prevents chronic diseases, enhances physical capabilities, and promotes longevity.
Mental Health
Definition: Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing, affecting how individuals think, feel, and act.
Key Aspects: Stress management, coping mechanisms, positive thinking, and mental health therapies.
Importance: Essential for handling stress, making decisions, and building relationships.
Emotional Health
Definition: Emotional health involves understanding and managing one’s emotions and expressing them appropriately.
Key Aspects: Self-awareness, emotional regulation, empathy, and resilience. Importance: Contributes to mental stability, reduces stress, and improves relationships.
Social Health
Definition: Social health refers to the ability to form satisfying interpersonal relationships and adapt to social situations.
Key Aspects: Communication skills, healthy relationships, community involvement, and social support.
Importance: Enhances quality of life, provides support systems, and reduces feelings of loneliness.
Intellectual Health
Definition: Intellectual health is the capacity to think critically, engage in creative and stimulating activities, and continue learning.
Key Aspects: Lifelong learning, curiosity, problem-solving skills, and intellectual engagement.
Importance: Keeps the brain active, enhances cognitive functions, and fosters innovation.
Environmental Health
Definition: Environmental health focuses on the interrelationship between people and their environment, promoting a healthy and safe habitat.
Key Aspects: Clean air and water, safe housing, waste management, and sustainable practices.
Importance: Reduces health risks, prevents diseases, and promotes a sustainable planet.
Spiritual Health
Definition: Spiritual health involves having a sense of purpose and meaning in life, which may or may not be associated with religion.
Key Aspects: Meditation, mindfulness, values, beliefs, and practices that provide inner peace.
Importance: Enhances emotional resilience, provides a sense of purpose, and promotes inner peace.
Occupational Health
Definition: Occupational health deals with ensuring a healthy and safe work environment and balancing work-life commitments.
Key Aspects: Job satisfaction, workplace safety, work-life balance, and career development.
Importance: Prevents work-related illnesses, enhances productivity, and promotes job satisfaction.
Financial Health
Definition: Financial health refers to the HYPERLINK “https://wa.link/r49l2l” managemen HYPERLINK “https://wa.link/r49l2l”t HYPERLINK “https://wa.link/r49l2l” of personal finances and the ability to handle economic changes and challenges.
Key Aspects: Budgeting, saving, investing, and financial planning.
Importance: Reduces stress, ensures financial stability, and allows for future planning.
Community Health
Definition: Community health focuses on the well-being of the community as a whole, addressing collective health needs and concerns.
Key Aspects: Public health initiatives, disease prevention programs, health education, and community services.
Importance: Promotes public health, reduces health disparities, and improves overall community well-being.
REFERENCE
GOAID
(https://www.goaid.in)
HOLOCAUST
“For yours benefit, learn from our tragedy. It is not a written law that the next victims must be Jews. It can also be other people. We saw it begin in Germany with Jews, but people from more than twenty other nations were also murdered” Simon Wiesenthal.
The Holocaust (/ˈhɒləkɔːst/), known in Hebrew as the Shoah ( שואה ), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish population. The murders were carried out primarily through mass shootings and poison gas in extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, and Chełmno in occupied Poland. Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term Holocaust is sometimes used to include the murder and persecution of non-Jewish groups.
Consequences Of The Holocaust
– Displacement: Many survivors found themselves living in displaced-persons camp.
– Fear: Fear of post-war violence and anti-Semitism.
– Finding refuge was difficult/immigration.
– Trauma: Poor psychological symptoms. There were no new significant difference in cognitive functioning or physical health.
– Physical Effect: People deported during World War II to concentration camp suffered from malnutrition lack of sleep, physical and mental exclusion.
– Risk of suicide, depression, chronically of schizophrenia and development of late-life paranoia.
– Economic Hardship: All their belongings/business were destroyed by the Nazis (night of the pogrom).
– Exterminated half a million Roma gypsies.
– Put a quarter of a million mentally ill and disabled people to death
– Sterilized deaf people
– Imprisoned homosexuals
– Considered that Slavic people were subhuman and intended to starve up to 30 million Soviet civilians and prisoners of war.
27th January is holocaust memorial day (HMD) the date was chosen as the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Holocaust Memorial Day is an international day of remembrance – not only for the Jewish Holocaust, but for subsequent genocides in places like Cambodia, Bosnia and Rwanda. All over the world, people honour the survivors and reflect on the consequences.
International days and weeks are occasions to educate the public on issues of concern, to mobilize political will and resources to address global problems, and to celebrate and reinforce achievements of humanity. The existence of international days predates the establishment of the United Nations, but the UN has embraced them as a powerful advocacy tool. We also mark other UN observances.
REFERENCES
United Nation https://www.un.org/en/observances/international-days-and-weeks
https://www.un.org/en/observances
Wikipedia
BBC. (2024). The Holocaust: Consequences of the Holocaust